Normally, the collateral auction-keeper uses system coins to bid in fixed discount collateral auctions. A keeper operator must acquire system coins to be prepared for future collateral auctions. With collateral auction flash swaps, this is no longer necessary.
The auction-keeper can be configured to use Uniswap v2 or v3 flash swaps when bidding in collateral auctions. This allows the keeper to participate in collateral auctions with no upfront capital other than gas costs to execute the transaction.
Details
The collateral auction-keeper performs flash swaps using the geb-keeper-flash-proxy contracts.
The flash proxy is used by the auction-keeper to:
1) Liquidate an underwater SAFE, start a new collateral auction and bid by calling liquidateAndSettleSAFE
or
2) Bid in existing auctions by calling settleAuction
You can enable flashswaps using the --flash-swaps flag when starting a collateral auction-keeper.
You can also specify multiple pools that the keeper loops through when trying to bid in an auction. You do this using the --flash-swap-pools flag. For example:
If a flash swap for a specific pool fails, the next in order will be tried.
The default order is dai-v3, eth-v2, usdc-v3, eth-v3.
Flash Swaps in Action
Below is a log output from an auction-keeper started with the --flash-swap and --flash-swap-pools usdc-v3,dai-v3,eth-v2,eth-v3 flags.
First, the auction-keeper finds two undercollateralized SAFEs and successfully calls liquidateAndSettleSAFE using the usdc-v3 flash proxy. The second SAFE is a large one so the call fails due to lack of liquidity in the RAI/USDC Uniswap v3 pool. The auction-keeper then successfully uses the RAI/DAI Uniswap v3 flash-proxy to liquidate the large SAFE.
Finally, the auction-keeper finds a third ciritcal SAFE and successfully uses the RAI/USDC Uniswap v3 flash proxy to liquidateAndSettleSAFE.
2021-08-26 14:25:18,258 INFO Keeper connected to RPC connection http://172.31.46.114:8545
2021-08-26 14:25:18,259 INFO Keeper operating as 0xdD1693BD8E306eCfDbe41D246562fc4109f871f8
2021-08-26 14:25:18,289 INFO Executing keeper startup logic
2021-08-26 14:25:19,375 INFO Keeper will not settle auctions
2021-08-26 14:25:19,375 INFO Keeper will perform the following operation(s) in parallel:
2021-08-26 14:25:19,375 INFO --> Check all safes and start new auctions if any critical safes need to be liquidated
2021-08-26 14:25:19,375 INFO --> Check all auctions being monitored and evaluate bidding opportunity every 4.0 seconds
2021-08-26 14:25:19,375 INFO *** When Keeper is settling/bidding, the initial evaluation of auctions will likely take > 45 minutes without setting a lower boundary via '--min-auction' ***
2021-08-26 14:25:19,375 INFO *** When Keeper is starting auctions, initializing safe history may take > 30 minutes without using Graph via `--graph-endpoints` ***
2021-08-26 14:25:19,378 INFO Keeper will use Node gas price (currently 2.0 Gwei, changes over time) with initial multiplier 1.0 and will multiply by 1.125 every 42s to a maximum of 2000.0 Gwei for transactions and bids unless model instructs otherwise
2021-08-26 14:25:19,658 INFO Watching for new blocks
2021-08-26 14:25:19,664 INFO Started 2 timer(s)
2021-08-26 14:25:20,750 INFO Getting safe mods from https://api.thegraph.com/subgraphs/name/reflexer-labs/rai-kovan
2021-08-26 14:25:20,752 INFO Fetching safe modes from https://api.thegraph.com/subgraphs/name/reflexer-labs/rai-kovan
2021-08-26 14:25:42,418 INFO Using usdc-v3 flash swap to liquidate and settle safe 0xA0be17B5C408aaFF03e0E3434de199F6df94fFC7
2021-08-26 14:25:42,946 INFO Sent transaction GebETHKeeperFlashProxy('0x8a8970c74Ca60c954b32D1015D4563908eB798Fd').liquidateAndSettleSAFE('0xA0be17B5C408aaFF03e0E3434de199F6df94fFC7') with nonce=4964, gas=2000000, gas_price=2000000000 (tx_hash=0xdf19ae2f76def32a3c797ef51b614ddf6b680ad38ecbe3910b154a4c4228eb0f)
2021-08-26 14:25:44,423 INFO Transaction GebETHKeeperFlashProxy('0x8a8970c74Ca60c954b32D1015D4563908eB798Fd').liquidateAndSettleSAFE('0xA0be17B5C408aaFF03e0E3434de199F6df94fFC7') was successful (tx_hash=0xdf19ae2f76def32a3c797ef51b614ddf6b680ad38ecbe3910b154a4c4228eb0f)
2021-08-26 14:25:44,519 INFO Using usdc-v3 flash swap to liquidate and settle safe 0xa46B5d01326d858856396fb80bD06654ED64770f
2021-08-26 14:25:44,820 WARNING Transaction GebETHKeeperFlashProxy('0x8a8970c74Ca60c954b32D1015D4563908eB798Fd').liquidateAndSettleSAFE('0xa46B5d01326d858856396fb80bD06654ED64770f') will fail, refusing to send (execution reverted: failed bidding)
2021-08-26 14:25:44,821 WARNING flash swap liquidate and settle with pool usdc-v3 failed.
2021-08-26 14:25:44,821 INFO Using dai-v3 flash swap to liquidate and settle safe 0xa46B5d01326d858856396fb80bD06654ED64770f
2021-08-26 14:25:45,223 INFO Sent transaction GebETHKeeperFlashProxy('0x26232B7Fe0dD0Ade6192Bd69438dBEc424EF7a59').liquidateAndSettleSAFE('0xa46B5d01326d858856396fb80bD06654ED64770f') with nonce=4965, gas=2000000, gas_price=2000000000 (tx_hash=0xb4c177c114874ee267a8e2d47a3bd075936372996eeebbf3caf1decb881f2737)
2021-08-26 14:25:52,724 INFO Transaction GebETHKeeperFlashProxy('0x26232B7Fe0dD0Ade6192Bd69438dBEc424EF7a59').liquidateAndSettleSAFE('0xa46B5d01326d858856396fb80bD06654ED64770f') was successful (tx_hash=0xb4c177c114874ee267a8e2d47a3bd075936372996eeebbf3caf1decb881f2737)
2021-08-26 14:25:53,171 INFO Using usdc-v3 flash swap to liquidate and settle safe 0x20aE373C782b03925413a394EE620A4BF2828a60
2021-08-26 14:25:53,744 INFO Sent transaction GebETHKeeperFlashProxy('0x8a8970c74Ca60c954b32D1015D4563908eB798Fd').liquidateAndSettleSAFE('0x20aE373C782b03925413a394EE620A4BF2828a60') with nonce=4966, gas=2000000, gas_price=2000000000 (tx_hash=0xf4d45385753219c5a9a7fb28f7d60e0e4b4d42eb05d8d65f50deb09308cfd1ba)
2021-08-26 14:25:56,851 INFO Transaction GebETHKeeperFlashProxy('0x8a8970c74Ca60c954b32D1015D4563908eB798Fd').liquidateAndSettleSAFE('0x20aE373C782b03925413a394EE620A4BF2828a60') was successful (tx_hash=0xf4d45385753219c5a9a7fb28f7d60e0e4b4d42eb05d8d65f50deb09308cfd1ba)
Caveats
Flash swaps are only supported for collateral auctions.
auction-keeper will not do flash swaps on critical SAFEs with saviours. Read more about saviours here.
Possible errors
When liquidity is too low, calls to flash proxys will revert or run out of gas. In this case, the auction-keeper will try to use the next Uniswap pool specified in --flash-swap-pools. In the unlikely case where all calls fail (none of the pools have enough liquidity), the auction-keeper can be restarted without --flash-swap to bid normally using the keeper’s system coin balance inside the SAFEEngine.
